{"id":9111,"date":"2024-10-15T12:12:25","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T10:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceves.org.rs\/?p=9111"},"modified":"2025-11-11T15:48:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T14:48:02","slug":"sr-struktura-cena-i-moguca-resenja-za-domace-trziste-poreska-politika-troskovi-distribucije-i-ulazne-cene-su-kljucni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceves.org.rs\/en\/sr-struktura-cena-i-moguca-resenja-za-domace-trziste-poreska-politika-troskovi-distribucije-i-ulazne-cene-su-kljucni\/","title":{"rendered":"Struktura cena i mogu\u0107a re\u0161enja za doma\u0107e tr\u017ei\u0161te – poreska politika, tro\u0161kovi distribucije i ulazne cene su klju\u010dni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uo\u010di po\u010detka zajedni\u010dke \u201eakcije\u201c dr\u017eave i trgovinskih lanaca u Srbiji nazvane \u201eNajbolja cena\u201c objavljena je informacija Eurostata da su cene hrane i bezalkoholnih pi\u0107a u na\u0161oj zemlji na 96 odsto proseka EU \u2013 za razliku od zarada, standarda ili potro\u0161nje.<\/p>\n

Za odgovor na pitanje odakle bi trebalo da krenemo u \u201epopravku\u201c na\u0161eg tr\u017ei\u0161ta kada je re\u010d o maloprodaji namirnica i osnovnih ku\u0107nih proizvoda obratili smo se zameniku glavnog ekonomiste u Centru za visoke ekonomske studije (CEVES) Pavlu Medi\u0107u. On je u intervjuu za na\u0161 septembarski magazin po\u0161ao od \u010dinjenice da je odnos cena hrane i prose\u010dnih zarada u Srbiji, uz Albaniju i Bosnu i Hercegovinu, daleko najnepovoljniji u Evropi.<\/p>\n

Kada je re\u010d o neophodnim koracima kako bismo se izvukli iz ove nepovoljne situacije, najva\u017enije je, ka\u017ee Medi\u0107, da trenutne cene namirnica i osnovnih ku\u0107nih proizvoda \u201erastavimo\u201c na najsitnije delove u njihovoj strukturi. Na taj na\u010din i odgovore koje tra\u017eimo mo\u017eemo podeliti u tri grupe \u2013 poresku politiku, tro\u0161kove distribucije i ulazne cene<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201eKada govorimo o poreskoj politici, odnosno porezima, pre svega mislimo na PDV, ali i na ostale va\u017ene elemente poreskog optere\u0107enja \u2013 zarade i dobit. Srbija, kao i velika ve\u0107ina drugih evropskih zemalja, na ve\u0107inu prehrambenih proizvoda primenjuje posebnu stopu od 10 odsto (uobi\u010dajena stopa je 20 odsto), \u0161to je svrstava me\u0111u zemlje sa ne\u0161to vi\u0161om posebnom stopom, jer se ve\u0107ina nalazi u rasponu od \u010detiri do osam odsto\u201c, obja\u0161njava Medi\u0107.<\/p>\n

\u201eMo\u017eemo,dakle, zaklju\u010diti da je uloga poreskog sistema u celini relativno mala, ali da postoji prostor da se kroz dodatno smanjenje PDV-a na osnovne proizvode uti\u010de na cene u nekom opsegu do pet odsto, u zavisnosti od elasti\u010dnosti tra\u017enje, odnosno ponude.<\/p>\n

Kada je re\u010d o drugom mogu\u0107em odgovoru na na\u0161e pitanje o \u201cpopravci\u201d doma\u0107eg tr\u017ei\u0161ta \u2013 tro\u0161kovima distribucije \u2013 Medi\u0107 isti\u010de da ta grupa uklju\u010duje sve elemente u finalnoj ceni proizvoda koji se ti\u010du distribucije proizvoda od proizvo\u0111a\u010da do krajnjeg kupca.<\/p>\n

\u201eDa pojednostavimo, to su trgova\u010dke mar\u017ee koje bi trebalo da pokriju sve tro\u0161kove i obezbede zaradu (profit) u maloprodaji. Ovaj segment u ceni najve\u0107a je nepoznanica. Me\u0111utim, ukoliko znamo da su uporedni operativni tro\u0161kovi (elektri\u010dna energija, zarade) u Srbiji komparativno zna\u010dajno ni\u017ei nego u EU, preostaje da su ili profiti trgovaca veoma veliki ili su ulazne cene visoke\u201c, obja\u0161njava Medi\u0107.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podsetimo da je Komisija za za\u0161titu konkurencije Srbije u obrazlo\u017eenju odluke o pokretanju postupka protiv \u010detiri velika trgovinska lanca navela da je kod Delhaize Serbia, Univerexport, DIS i Mercator-S konstatovan rast bruto mar\u017ei u periodu od 2016. godine kada je iznosila 35 milijardi dinara do 2023. godine kada dosti\u017ee iznos od 87,4 milijarde dinara.<\/p>\n

Komisija je konstatovala kontinuiran rast stopa bruto mar\u017ei od nabavne vrednosti, koja je 2016. godine kod stranaka u postupku u proseku iznosila 19 odsto, dok je 2023. godine bila 38 odsto.<\/p>\n

Doma\u0107e i \u201estrane\u201c ulazne cene<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tre\u0107i \u201cprostor za popravku\u201d doma\u0107e maloprodaje su ulazne cene, rekao je Medi\u0107 za Biznis.rs.<\/p>\n

Ulazne cene, kako je objasnio, mogu se podeliti na one iz uvoza i one sa doma\u0107eg tr\u017ei\u0161ta. Kod uvoznih cena va\u017enu ulogu mogu imati carine, ali imaju\u0107i u vidu \u010dlanstvo u CEFTA-i i potpisan SSP, smatra da one verovatno nisu naro\u010dito zna\u010dajan faktor.<\/p>\n

\u201eOno \u0161to verovatno jeste zna\u010dajno jesu nabavne cene proizvoda iz inostranstva. Trgovina je igra velikih brojeva i porud\u017ebina, \u0161to zna\u010di da \u0107e ve\u0107i lanci uvek biti u prednosti u odnosu na manje. U tom pogledu Srbija zaostaje za Evropom, imaju\u0107i u vidu da su trgovinski lanci u Srbiji uglavnom regionalnog karaktera, sa izuzetkom Lidla i donekle Delhaize-a, koji je u evropskim okvirima ipak manji. Stoga ulazne uvozne cene mogu imati odre\u0111eni doprinos op\u0161tem visokom nivou cena\u201c, istakao je Medi\u0107 u analizi za Biznis.rs.<\/p>\n

\u0160to se ti\u010de doma\u0107ih cena, upozorava da su poljoprivreda i prehrambena industrija sa strate\u0161kog aspekta prili\u010dno zanemarene i podinvestirane privredne grane kojima je potrebna zna\u010dajna transformacija.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eSrbija se na taj alarm za sada oglu\u0161uje, imaju\u0107i u vidu na\u010din na koji se donose i sprovode poljoprivredne strategije i politike. Na\u0161oj zemlji je potrebna nova i moderna strategija, ne poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja, ve\u0107 razvoja prehrambenog sektora direktno. Dokle god budemo zavisili od vremenskih uslova u ovolikoj meri, obra\u0111ivali zemlju na usitnjenim parcelama mehanizacijom koja je u 70 odsto slu\u010dajeva starija od 20 godina, i izvozili primarne proizvode umesto obra\u0111ene, ne mo\u017eemo o\u010dekivati da \u0107emo imati efikasnu doma\u0107u poljoprivredu, a time i jeftiniju hranu\u201c, zaklju\u010dio je Medi\u0107.<\/p>\n

Izvor: Biznis.rs<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U intervjuu za magazin Biznis Pavle Medi\u0107 odgovara odakle bi trebalo krenuti u „popravku“ srpskog tr\u017ei\u0161ta kada je re\u010d o maloprodaji namirnica i osnovnih ku\u0107nih proizvoda. Medi\u0107 ka\u017ee da je  odnos cena hrane i prose\u010dnih zarada u Srbiji, uz Albaniju i Bosnu i Hercegovinu, daleko najnepovoljniji u Evropi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Program Area: <\/span>News<\/a>, Private Sector Development and Industrial Policy<\/a>, Regional Cooperation and Integration<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,68,93],"tags":[94,71],"class_list":["post-9111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vesti","category-razvoj-privatnog-sektora-i-industrijska-politika","category-regionalna-saradnja-i-integracija","tag-cefta","tag-izvoz"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStruktura cena i mogu\u0107a re\u0161enja za doma\u0107e tr\u017ei\u0161te - poreska politika, tro\u0161kovi distribucije i ulazne cene su klju\u010dni - Ceves | Centar za visoke ekonomske studije<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ceves.org.rs\/en\/sr-struktura-cena-i-moguca-resenja-za-domace-trziste-poreska-politika-troskovi-distribucije-i-ulazne-cene-su-kljucni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Struktura cena i mogu\u0107a re\u0161enja za doma\u0107e tr\u017ei\u0161te - poreska politika, tro\u0161kovi distribucije i ulazne cene su klju\u010dni - Ceves | Centar za visoke ekonomske studije\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"U intervjuu za magazin Biznis Pavle Medi\u0107 odgovara odakle bi trebalo krenuti u "popravku" srpskog tr\u017ei\u0161ta kada je re\u010d o maloprodaji namirnica i osnovnih ku\u0107nih proizvoda. 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